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Verse Takeaways
1
God's Sovereign Choice
This verse is a direct conclusion Paul draws from the examples of Jacob and Pharaoh. Commentators agree it's one of the Bible's clearest statements on God's sovereignty. The core message is that God, in His perfect freedom and justice, is the ultimate source of both mercy for the saved and the judicial hardening of those who persist in rebellion.
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Book Overview
Romans
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Commentaries
9
Albert Barnes
On Romans 9:18
18th Century
Theologian
Therefore he has mercy, and so on. This is a conclusion stated by the apostle as the result of all the argument.
Whom he will h…
AT Robertson
On Romans 9:18
He hardeneth (σκληρυνε). Pharaoh hardened his own heart also (Exodus 8:15,32; 9:34), but God gives men up also (1:24,2…
Charles Ellicott
On Romans 9:18
19th Century
Bishop
Summary conclusion from the above.
He hardeneth.—The doctrine of divine sovereignty is expressed here in its most …
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Charles Spurgeon
On Romans 9:17–19
19th Century
Preacher
Even for this same purpose I have raised you up, that I might show my power in you, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth…
Expositor's Bible Commentary
On Romans 9:18
God’s dealings with Jacob and Esau might be challenged as arbitrary, on the ground that Esau was the object of injustice. To demonstrate that this …
John Calvin
On Romans 9:18
16th Century
Theologian
To whom he wills then he showeth mercy, etc. Here follows the conclusion of both parts, which can by no means be understood as being the l…
John Gill
On Romans 9:18
17th Century
Pastor
Therefore has he mercy on whom he will
These are the express words of the former testimony: it follows,
Matthew Henry
On Romans 9:14–24
17th Century
Minister
Whatever God does, must be just. The way in which the holy, happy people of God differ from others, God's grace alone makes them differ. In this pr…