Albert Barnes Commentary Job 22:6

"For thou hast taken pledges of thy brother for nought, And stripped the naked of their clothing." — Job 22:6 (ASV)

For thou hast taken a pledge from thy brother for nought - The only evidence Eliphaz seems to have had of this was that this was a heinous sin, and that since Job seemed to be severely punished, it was to be “inferred” that he must have committed some such sin as this. No way of treating an unfortunate and a suffering man could be more unkind.

A “pledge” is that which is given by a debtor to a creditor, for security for the payment of a debt, and would be, of course, that which was regarded as of value. Garments, which constituted a considerable part of the wealth of the Orientals, would usually be the pledge which would be given.

With us, in such cases, watches, jewelry, notes, mortgages are given as collateral security, or as pledges. The law of Moses required that when a man took his neighbor's garment for a pledge, it should be restored by the time the sun went down (Exodus 22:26–27). The crime charged here on Job was that he had exacted a pledge from another where there was no just claim to it; that is, where no debt had been contracted, where a debt had been paid, or where the security was far beyond the value of the debt. The injustice of such a course would be obvious.

It would deprive the man of the use of the property that was pledged, and it gave the one to whom it was pledged an opportunity of doing wrong, as he might retain it, or dispose of it, and the real owner would see it no more.

And stripped the naked of their clothing - Margin, “clothes of the naked.” That is, of those who were poorly clad, or who were nearly destitute of clothes. The word naked is often used in this sense in the Scriptures; see the notes at John 21:7. The meaning here is that Job had taken away by oppression even the garments of the poor in order to enrich himself.