Commentators explain that the sins listed here are not random. They often flow from a single source: "malice" (kakia), a deep-seated evil-mindedness. This root of malice fosters internal "bitterness," which then erupts outwardly as "wrath," "anger," shouting ("clamor"), and slander ("evil speaking"). To obey this command, a Christian must address the underlying heart attitude, not just the external actions.