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If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt of bloodshed for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.

Verse Takeaways

1

Justice in the Light of Day

Commentators explain that killing a thief in daylight incurred bloodguilt, unlike at night. The reason is that during the day, the homeowner could likely identify the intruder, call for help, and apprehend them without resorting to lethal force. This law establishes a principle of proportional response, valuing human life even when a crime is being committed.

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Book Overview

Exodus

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Commentaries

6

Albert Barnes

Albert Barnes

On Exodus 22:2–4

18th Century

Theologian

If a thief, breaking into a dwelling at night, was killed, the person who killed him did not incur bloodguilt; but if the same occurred in daylight…

Charles Ellicott

Charles Ellicott

On Exodus 22:1–4

19th Century

Bishop

Theft is addressed here with great brevity, with only three kinds being distinguished:

  1. Housebreaking.
  2. Stealing without conver…

John Calvin

John Calvin

On Exodus 22:3

16th Century

Theologian

He should make full restitution. These words, as I have said, are connected with the first verse, since here the execution of the punishme…

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John Gill

John Gill

On Exodus 22:3

17th Century

Pastor

If the sun be risen upon him
Either upon the thief, or upon the master of the house, or the person that finds the thi…

Matthew Henry

Matthew Henry

On Exodus 22:1–31

17th Century

Minister

The people of God should ever be ready to show mildness and mercy, according to the spirit of these laws. We must answer to God, not only for what …